Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Risk Assessment of Antibiotic in the Aquatic Environment in China Nationwide, A Review

Antibiotics have been an emerging concern due to the potential adverse threat on environment and human health. Studies presence fate of antibiotics in Chinese aqueous environments increased past few years. Nevertheless, distribution contributing development dissemination antibiotic resistance China nationwide remains unclear. This review summarizes temporal spatial different environmental systems across last decade. In all, 79 with concentration range 0.04 ng/L~6.54 ?g/L detected aquatic China. The Bohai Sea had highest annual average total ranging from 5.66 1552.59 ng/L. peak four typical water occurred surface Northern accounted for 47.0% concentrations regions. Sulfonamides, tetracyclines fluoroquinolones were dominant compounds both seawater water. contrast, ?-lactams, sulfonamides most abundant wastewater treatment plants. That indicated that ?-lactams medicine veterinary antibiotics. risk assessment demonstrated ofloxacin, norfloxacin enrofloxacin posed higher than other provides improved understanding pollution outline scenario addresses prospects future research relating issues requiring urgent attention.